Sentence examples for instrumental transfer from inspiring English sources

Taking benefit from an instrumental transfer width of about 0.1 μm (i.e. the maximum lateral extension over which the electron wavelength is coherent), the SPA-LEED provides a high resolution magnification on the diffraction spot features.

A recent paper identified a role for the mGluR5 receptor in Pavlovian to instrumental transfer; that is, when mGluR5 was blocked during Pavlovian conditioning training, the cue later failed to serve as a reinforcer in an operant test of conditioned reinforcement [32].

To conclude, two experiments found that whereas branded pack stimuli elicited tobacco-seeking in a Pavlovian to instrumental transfer protocol, plain pack stimuli did not, indicating that plain packs have degraded discriminative control over tobacco-seeking.

The outcome-specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure provides an important assay of the discriminative control function of a stimulus, i.e. its ability to prime instrumental responding for the reinforcer signalled by the stimulus 8, 9.

To address this, we report three approaches to extinguish cue-evoked drug-seeking measured in a Pavlovian to instrumental transfer design, in non-treatment seeking adult smokers and alcohol drinkers.

The experiments reported here measured cue-evoked drug-seeking in a specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure because this procedure is largely unique in being able to isolate the control exerted by stimuli over instrumental responses controlled by knowledge of specific R-O contingencies (isolated from control by habitual stimulus-response [S-R] contingencies).

Wassum, K. M., Ostlund, S. B., Loewinger, G. C. & Maidment, N. T. Phasic mesolimbic dopamine release tracks reward seeking during expression of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer.

This process has been modelled in the laboratory using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) design in which Pavlovian cues facilitate instrumental reward-directed action.

We tested this possibility in 160 healthy volunteers using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) design involving voluntary responding for a high value natural reward (chocolate).

To evaluate this question, we present a review of rodent behavioral studies that examined the capacity of alcohol-predictive cues to (i) support sign-tracking behavior, (ii) serve as conditioned reinforcers, and (iii) produce Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer.

We examined Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) by measuring the ability of an auditory cue associated with food reward to promote an instrumental (lever press) response.