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The maximal quality score for studies using questionnaires was 6, given that they did not use instrumental sleep monitoring.
The outcomes were the prevalence of OSA diagnosed by full PSG and other types of instrumental sleep monitoring.
Fourteen studies were community based studies using instrumental sleep monitoring and/or full PSG including 15,449 patients (11,114 men and 4,335 women).
General data extraction included the information on the publication dates, methodology of the study, number of individuals enrolled and their characteristics as well as definition of OSA and its measurement (symptomatology/questionnaire vs. instrumental sleep monitoring).
It is well known that sleep questionnaires despite being useful in assessing risk for OSA, are not interchangeable with instrumental sleep studies and cannot quantify the severity of disease.
PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published from 1993 to September 2012 that reported the prevalence of OSA diagnosed via instrumental sleep monitoring and full PSG and the prevalence of patients at risk for OSA among Asians as assessed by symptomatology (snoring, daytime sleepiness etc).
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included joint pain, fatigue, sleep limitations, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) limitations, self-rated general health, life stress and mental health.
Associations between age and the prevalence of severe/frequent joint pain, severe/frequent fatigue, sleep limitations, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) limitations, high levels of stress, suboptimal general and suboptimal mental health, were examined descriptively prior to conducting multivariate log-binomial regression analyses.
So would the familiar guitar instrumentals Mr. Beck played — like "Sleep Walk" and "Apache" — although he too rarely detoured from the original versions.
While we also looked at John's diet, caffeine intake, and exercise, these 2 steps were instrumental in helping him get better sleep.
The doctors and nurses of the two ICU's where data were acquired were instrumental in the successful measurement of sleep in ICU patients.
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