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The issue of measurement invariance concerns the degree to which the items that comprise a measurement instrument have the same meaning and measure the same constructs in the same ways across different groups of respondents.
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And while each instrument has the same basic design, many things affect its tone: the type of wood, the finish, the hand of the craftsman who makes it.
Assuming that all the instruments have the same measurement accuracy and precision we consider a faulty instrument as one whose principal component values are beyond the three sigma control limits of the principal component values of all instruments.
The instruments have the same capabilities as a human being's wrist.
ASIC technology is also suitable for multipoint ground-based observations of natural VLF waves, by the use of a number of tiny instruments having the same electrical properties.
All three instruments had the same GC separation conditions and were equipped with a DB-EUPAH capillary column specifically designed for optimal separation of PAHs.
Neither of the other instruments has the same resolving power.
One could reason that both screening instruments had the same effect on the choice of treatment for the intervention and control hospitals, and therefore no differences in the care processes were identified.
The words in the original instrument and the translated instrument should have the same meaning.
In fact, the joint instrument will have the same legal standing as the withdrawal agreement.
All LA-MC-ICPMS instrument setups have the same basic geometry of LA system, pulsed laser focussed onto ablation chamber, sample transfer-inlet system, differential vacuum pumping system, mass-energy filter and signal detection (Fig. 1).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com