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This alloy presents a higher fatigue resistance with a reduced risk for instrument fracture [ 8].
Root canal curvatures are most pronounced in the MB canal, in which most cases of instrument fracture occur.
Instrument fracture often occurs in narrow and curved canals, such as the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars [ 21, 22].
As previously stated, the reciprocating movement aims to minimize the risk of instrument fracture caused by torsional stress once the angle of the counterclockwise rotation is designed to be smaller than the elastic limit of the instrument [ 22].
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During the preparation of the canals no instrument fractured.
Glide-path preparation is an important step during initial endodontic procedure to reduce shaping-instrument fracture.
In the early 1970s, Burny and coworkers used percutaneous leads to measure loads during fracture healing by instrumenting fracture plates with strain gages [ 18]. Brown and coworkers used battery powered telemetry-based systems to monitor forces in proximal femoral nail plate fixation systems [ 9].
There have been many different devices and techniques developed to retrieve instruments fractured during endodontic procedures, but none of them can consistently remove separated instruments from root canals.
No statistically significant differences were seen when comparing the NZ of intact 4 segmental specimens and bisegmentally instrumented fractured 4 segmental specimens.
Thus radioulnar deviation was not affected by gender, playing a musical instrument, previous fracture, prior inflammation, or handedness.
Unwinding occurred in 12% of instruments and fractures in 5% (1.5% torsional, 3.5% flexural).
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