However, instructors can structure opportunities for such students to practice thinking and talking about biology by regularly engaging students in tasks that require students to work together in small groups.
Giving students time to write is one way that instructors can structure the learning environment to maximize the number of students who have access (in this case enough time) to participate in thinking about biology.
However, the unique combination of students, instructors, and structures at each location complicate transitions to other sites (Finkelstein and Pollock [2005]; Pollock and Finkelstein [2007]; Sabella and Bowen [2003]; Saul and Redish [1997]; Sharma et al. [2010]).
Reframing inequities in participation in this way puts the onus on the instructor to structure the interactions in peer discussions to promote equal opportunities for all students to participate in the learning activity.
Raising hands allows for the instructor to structure and choose which students are participating verbally in a class, but what if no one is raising a hand or the same students continually raise their hands?
Because we were interested in describing this very range of instructional strategies, we did not cluster each weeklong set of two to three classroom recordings together but instead treated each of the class periods as an individual sample of how an instructor might structure a class period.
Independent variables included in the study are course structure, instructor feedback, self-motivation, learning style, interaction, and instructor facilitation as potential determinants of online learning.
Their study found that all of the antecedent variables (course structure, instructor feedback, self-motivation, learning style, interaction, and instructor facilitation) significantly affect students' satisfaction.
Attached to the theme was the following comment byhis instructor: "Your sentence structure is poor because you do not put in any dependent clauses & because you start your sentences with and.
