Some differences in exclusions occurred due to practices' different interpretations of the instruction to exclude patients in whom invitation into the study would cause serious distress, although this is believed to only have had a minor impact.
Based on FRAX, laboratory investigations can contribute to case finding, but FRAX does not give instructions on how to exclude other contributors to secondary osteoporosis that are frequently found in patients with osteoporosis or fractures or both [ 21, 22].
The category of questions relating to exposure to violence may have included some events that should have been classed as self-experienced or witnessed events despite instructions to interviewers to exclude them from the exposure category, and this may have caused some over-reporting in the data on exposure to violence.
The details of this analysis are provided in Supplementary Appendix C. Overall, almost two-thirds of the false positives were the result of errors hidden from the Turkers (wrong gene concept identifier) or failure to give full instructions to Turkers (to exclude nonhuman mutations).
Afterwards, the total RNA was purified using the RNeasy minikit with DNAse treatment according to the manufacturer's instructions (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) to exclude DNA contamination.
Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions and then purified to exclude the rRNA or tRNA for enrichment of mRNA using magnetic oligo dT) microspheres.
The instruction to practices was to exclude patients if invitation into the survey might cause serious distress.
The instruction to practices was to exclude patients if participation in the survey might cause serious distress.
Total RNA was extracted from specimens at 7, 15 and 30 days using TRI Reagent (Sigma, Milan, Italy), following the manufacturer's instructions, treated with DNase (Promega) to exclude DNA contamination and stored at −80°C until the assays.
Over half of the precision errors were due to mismatches against the gold standard hidden from annotator view (e.g. incorrect EntrezGene identifier or incorrect mutation position extracted), or incomplete task instructions (e.g. the need to exclude nonhuman mutations).
Total RNA was isolated according to the instruction of TRIzol kit (Invitrogen) and then purified to exclude the tRNA and rRNA and to enrich mRNA, according to the instruction of mRNA purification kit (Promega).
