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The further effects of inter-instruction intervals (10 s and 5 s) were examined using a combined alternating treatments and reversal design with one participant.
Results demonstrated high-p request sequences were most effective in increasing compliance when implemented with 5 s inter-instruction intervals and with programmed reinforcement.
Therefore, future studies are recommended to include three groups of 'focus on form', 'focus on forms', and 'study-abroad', extend the intervention for the whole semester by incorporating target forms in regular language learning classrooms, and assess the retention of the instruction in intervals of six and twelve months.
Red and blue open symbols show data for instruction-test intervals of 2.5 and 6 s in the first 50 trials of the block.
The learning curve initiated an increase in learning after the switch from long to short instruction-test intervals, but the magnitude of learning never caught up to the learning obtained when we used the short instruction-test interval for the entire learning block (filled red symbols).
Then, we trisected the distributions at the mean simple-spike firing rate plus/minus 0.44 standard deviations, grouped the trials for each third of the distribution, and computed the probability of a CS response to the instruction (analysis interval shown by light gray shading in Figure 3E,F) for each third of the distribution.
Thus, in Figure 7A,B, the learning in the first 50 trials is lower in amplitude for the 6 s instruction-test interval (open blue symbols) than for the 2.5 s instruction-test interval (open red symbols).
The longer instruction-test interval supports less long-term and trial-over-trial learning than does a shorter instruction-test interval (Yang and Lisberger, unpublished data).
Red and blue filled symbols show data for an instruction-test interval of 2.5 s in the second 50 trials of the block after an instruction-test interval of 2.5 and 6 s in the first 50 trials.
After the 50th learning trial, we switched to an instruction-test interval of 2.5 s.
CS-linked plasticity relaxes back to zero over 2 trials when the instruction-test interval is 2.5 s (Yang and Lisberger, unpublished data).
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