Although students' interest in science often declines as they progress through school (Osborne, 2003; Simpson & Oliver, 1990), the instruction and education environments they experience can positively impact their motivational beliefs and long-term persistence (Fortus & Vedder-Weiss, 2014; Vedder-Weiss & Fortus, 2010).
These include laboratory-based instruction, hybrid and online instructional environments, and teaching with elements of universal design.
Each observation focuses on one or two of four areas: instruction, professionalism, classroom environment and planning.
"But they also realize that they can use video to provide instruction in an environment that is entertaining, not dry".
Few studies have actually gone into rural classrooms to examine the quality of instruction and learning environment.
Many studies assessing classroom instruction and learning environment have relied on self-report data from administrators, teachers, or students (e.g., [12, 23]).
Analyses accounted for receptive vocabulary, reported parental income and education, school-community affluence, classroom instruction, home literacy environment, reading self-concept, and age.
This study evaluated the effects of the Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP), a comprehensive school-based intervention emphasizing changes in instruction and school environment, on variables derived from social-cognitive theory (SCT) as mediators of change in physical activity among black and white adolescent girls.
One of the great challenges for developing theoretically driven interventions is that learning theories markedly under-constrain the design of instruction and learning environments.
