After the subjects had read the instructions, we checked they understood the instructions by means of several hypothetical questions.
Before drilling the resin model to evaluate their skills in implantology, all participants received basic instructions by means of a PowerPoint presentation explaining the different stages of implementation, the goals to achieve, and more particularly the pitfalls to avoid.
One of these classes was randomly assigned as experimental group and instructed by means of PBL, whereas the other class was assigned as control group and instructed by means of traditionally designed instruction.
Consider three such traditional practices: using rewards to change people's behavior, making students do additional academic assignments after they get home from school, and teaching by means of old-fashioned telling (sometimes known as direct instruction).
Effects of CTOA and cue instruction were assessed by means of a two-way cue×CTOA anova.
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), a program of instructional material presented by means of a computer or computer systems.
Although many religions give instruction in the faith by means of oral questions and answers, the written catechism is primarily a product of Christianity.
The instruction schemes are supplied by means of a web-based program, Physhint, which supports the development of strategic knowledge [Pol, H. J., Harskamp, E. G., & Suhre, C. J. M. (2008).
Nevertheless, expectancies were induced by means of instruction (i.e. asking participants to expect either a repetition or an alternation) but participants knew that alternations and repetitions were equally likely; so it was possible that participants were holding different expectancies than the experimentally intended ones.
