Homogenized liver supernatant was prepared according to instructions, and samples were analyzed on a Bio-Plex Luminex 200 System at 635- and 532-nm wavelengths using Bio-Plex Manager 6.0 software.
Experiments were preformed according to the manufacturer's instructions and samples were run on BD LSR-II flow cytometer.
The final DNA sample was purified using a Qiagen MinElute PCR Purification Kit, following the manufacturer's instructions, and samples of the final product were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR using gene-specific primer sets (Table S1).
Extractions were performed according to manufacturers instructions, and samples were heated at 56°C for 1 h for protein digestion.
Total RNA was purified using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions and samples were analyzed as described previously [ 21].
DNA was extracted using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits (Quagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions, and samples were shipped to Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine for MLST determination.
The resulting dsDNA was purified using Illustra GFX DNA/gel clean-up kit (GE) as per manufacturer's instructions and samples eluted in 30 μl of nuclease-free water.
All amplified samples were purified with an RNeasy® Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions and samples assessed for purity by agarose gel electrophoresis, and spectrophotometry was used to determine concentration.
After incubating for 48 h at 37°C, the cells were lysed in 100 μl lysis solution (ABX210LM, Promega Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions, and samples were assayed for both luciferase and β-galactosidase activities.
