Using a cross calibration is generally the way to compare the results between two devices, and Nakajima et al. have reported on a method using phantom materials from 84 institutions to compare the heart-to-mediastinum ratio from 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigram images to realize a multicenter comparison [3, 4].
Furthermore, it enables institutions to compare their performances and productivities with their peers, which can be educationally insightful [ 10].
Through a series of case studies, we then describe a model which enables institutions to compare themselves internally and with others internationally using bespoke or prioritised parameters rather than standards.
In June 2002 a Phase III multicenter study with hexyl-5-ALA was initiated by our institution to compare patients management decisions following Hexvix® cystoscopy and standard white light cystoscopy.
Similarly, attempts were made to include physicians and surgeons of different ages and from different types of hospitals in terms of operator, classification and size of the institution to compare their similarities and differences.
Objective: To review the database of 1,902 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the period 1998 through 2001 at this institution, and to compare the preoperative status, anesthetic management, and postoperative outcome of 364 patients with the beating-heart technique with 1,538 patients who underwent the operation on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Nevertheless, it is possible, firstly, to mark off a range of related social forms that would be regarded by most theorists as being properly describable as social institutions; and, secondly, to compare and contrast some of the competing theoretical accounts of the "social institutions" in question.
So for a study published online in June in The International Journal of Obesity, researchers at the University of Western Australia in Perth and other institutions set out to compare the effects of easy versus exhausting exercise on people's subsequent desire to eat.
The great benefit of international comparison is that it allows the observer to step outside their own institutions and context, to compare with other countries and to look back at their own country from a new, foreign, perspective.
To this aim, it has been attempted to investigate the operational models of the given companies and institutions, and then to compare them with principles and criteria of the design and evaluation of instructional softwares in order to figure out the efficiency of such software.
In particular, they provide the ability to manufacture a large number of standards, which can be readily shared across institutions and used to compare different hyperspectral imagers and analysis methods.
