And the fact that France and Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Britain are together anteing up more than $1 trillion to rescue their own financial institutions challenges any assertions that European bankers were any smarter or more prudent than their American counterparts.
The loss of regional capacity and anchor institutions challenges local and national actors to leverage instruments and connections but with much depleted resources, lacking a clear mandate, and facing a fragmented intermediary and support landscape.
In keeping with his concept of culture as an expression of the totality of human achievement, he examined a wide range of cultural aspects and institutions, challenging existing interpretations of kinship and marriage, exchange, and ritual.
In a 2009 study, researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions challenged test subjects to move a cursor on a computer screen by pinching an external device that controlled the image.
We should find much of what Donald Trump says to be truly frightening as the antithesis of everything that we stand for as institutions, challenging by implication the very legitimacy of the enterprise.
At the center of that ethos are the banks and Wall Street, so it makes sense that on Rosh Hashanah, when we ask ourselves what kind of transformation we need, that we start with these institutions, challenging them to stop and repair the damage they have done to the poor and the powerless (which today includes much of the American middle class).
The U.S. financial debt to China and Saudi Arabia thwarts principled human rights justifications, the European Union and Japan provide counterweights to the hegemony of the U.S. dollar, the majority of Latin American nations elected leftist governments who set up cooperative institutions challenging the U.S., and Bush's failed 2003 invasion of Iraq was done without the U.N.'s blessing.
Formerly called the Museum of American Folk Art, this reborn institution challenges conventional thinking about whirligigs and needlepoint samplers, among other artifacts, and a mad Chicagoan's midnight lucubrations.
From one old-media institution challenged by the digital revolution to another.
The other strategy is to actually challenge the institutions, and challenge the dominant ideology and the status quo because it isn't working.
As the pedagogy spreads to other institutions, new challenges and opportunities arise.
