It ranks as the fourth-biggest bond fund manager for institutional, tax-exempt investors in the United States, according to Pensions & Investments, a trade magazine.
However, the main issues affecting our results can be restricted to the following: the role of taxes under different institutional settings, the tax wedge composition, short- vs. long-run results and the role of the social security scheme.
Their design and implementation reflects institutional arrangements for tax and income support systems as well as housing systems.
It emphasizes that geopolitical distance, regulatory distance, and cultural distance between developed and developing economies are more likely to be moderated by the target country's market size, natural resources base, and weak institutional laws, especially corporate tax and capital gains tax.
First, using German data enables me to identify the individual auditors, both review and engagement partners,1 who sign the audit opinion.2 Second, the German institutional setting requires professional tax consultants to pass an official taxation exam before they receive a license.
The optimal approach would be to implement all of the various legal, tax, and institutional changes needed to take interest rates significantly negative, thereby eliminating the zero bound.
It also told Vice that it played a leading part in the protests against a European election meeting held in London by Hungary's far-right Jobbik party in February, and says its other targets include police brutality, institutional racism, the bedroom tax and unfair evictions.
The former generally requires a limited range of (often unconventional) reforms that need not overly tax the institutional capacity of the economy.
Probably not, especially if the re-distribution of that wealth were to occur through politically directed institutional structures such as tax systems and public policies.
The limited partner investors, who contribute most of the capital, are usually institutional investors, including many tax-exempt and foreign investors.
Recent offshore case law — relevant to tax-exempt institutional investors given their ability to invest funds registered in offshore jurisdictions like the Caymans Islands — recognizes an investor's right to seek a "just and equitable" windup of a fund when it has gone into lockup mode and ceased to take in new subscriptions or make redemptions.
