In this chapter the institutional bottlenecks for the introduction of PV on a large scale are explored in five areas: financing, administration, structure of energy sector, architecture, communication, and marketing.
The interviews reveal that, with the necessary elements in place, a bottom-up change process leads to three important outcomes: firstly, the development of blended learning programs which match the needs of faculty and learner, secondly, incentives for new task forces to solve institutional bottlenecks which only faculty could have discovered and thirdly, new knowledge for the institutes.
It is also important to consider institutional bottlenecks that tend to hamper successful policy implementation.
Clear and credible information is needed to determine where restoration is most needed, guide the selection of alternative scenarios, develop policies to incentivize restoration on private land, identify restoration options on public lands, and overcome institutional and policy bottlenecks.
Lots of other things are bottlenecks, too, he says — including institutional limitations, economics, the basic service infrastructure and politics.
PMTCT programme evaluation is essential for identifying key remaining bottlenecks in regulatory frameworks, budgeting, institutional capacities and service provision.
Qualitative methods (focus group discussion, participatory rapid appraisal) are useful to understand the flow of livestock products along the value chain and identify bottlenecks, constraints or market failures and institutional risk management strategies (policies and regulations), as well as the social and political factors influencing livelihoods of impoverished households.
In addition, there is a lack of reliable data on capacity for health research as well as limited knowledge about where the real bottlenecks are, further underlining the need for more institutional, systems and capacity evaluation [ 15].
The issues of staffing, funding, and institutional infrastructure are intertwined, and when any of them are less than adequate, bottlenecks in the provision of education are almost inevitable.
