Mr. Ponta last week denied that he was shifting control of the cultural institute away from president Traian Basescu, his longtime political rival, so as to force Mr. Patapievici, an ally of the president, to resign.
In addition to a barrage of elections soon after he took office, Sadat has instituted a trend away from Arabism back to Egyptianism.
Two years ago, frightened by the prospect of a new wave of "boat people" fleeing poverty and violence in its huge neighbor, Indonesia, the Malaysian government instituted "Operation Go Away," under which it summarily deported tens of thousands of foreign workers.
He instituted policies to turn away boats carrying asylum seekers to Australia and repealed taxes on greenhouse-gas emitters and on profits from iron-ore and coal mining.
Individual restaurants have instituted their own promotions, giving away wine and bar snacks, offering gift certificates and frequent-eater programs to lure customers back, and even reducing prices.
For instance, the radical revamp in pricing Mr. Johnson instituted beginning last year, including doing away with discount sales and imposing three-tier pricing, occurred with merchandise that was already in stores and that customers were used to, rather than on brand-new merchandise.
At first the institute gave away grants and conducted research in makeshift quarters at 50th Street and Lexington Avenue.
Seven-in-10 religious institutes turned away at least one person because of their educational debt, according to the study by the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate at Georgetown University.
"We were in touch with the C.D.C. and instituted our aggressive housekeeping procedures right away.
For another, despite all the reforms instituted by India since its move away from socialism in 1991, much more would have to change.
