For the flow tests, where, for safety reasons, air was applied instead of vapor phase LPG, an original test stand was applied.
Last but not least, the use of vapor barriers instead of vapor retarders and a lack of moisture-buffering materials led to a higher indoor relative humidity, as well as higher moisture loads on construction that could have an impact on the durability of a building and also on the energy performance of the house.
What's more, due to hydrothermal method being beneficial to accelerate mass transfer rate and heat transfer rate, we synthesized ZSM-5 by hydrothermal method instead of vapor-phase transformation method.
Atomizers, innovative devices which make it possible to inject nanosized precursor liquids into the plasma zone, are used instead of applying vapor phase techniques, where the amount of precursor is limited by the vapor pressure of the liquid.
Instead of water vapor as an atmospheric constituent, Titan has methane, but it behaves just as water vapor does in Earth's air.
Thus, instead of dioxane vapor, the PS-PVP/HABA supramolecular assembly thin film was annealed in a saturated chloroform vapor for short time of 15 min to achieve re-alignment.
In the experiment, Cu acts as the catalyst to the nanowires, and In solid instead of In vapor works as In source so as to decrease largely the synthesizing temperature.
A vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump is a Ground Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) with closed Vertical Ground Heat eXchanger (VGHX) which utilizes the steam ejector type of refrigeration cycle instead of the vapor-compression type.
Instead of conventional chemical vapor deposition method, here in this project, p-channel SWNT FETs are fabricated using two solution-based processes.
Instead of relying on vapor compressors, fans, chillers or passive heat sinks, Phononic makes semiconductors that are smaller than a dime, and actively remove heat from the places or devices where they are installed.
C2H2 appeared to be an important factor in the growth process because if the benzene vapor was used instead of C2H2 gas (the benzene vapor was carried into the tube furnace in the 30 sccm flow of nitrogen gas, and the reaction was performed at 950°C), only ITO nanoparticle-carbon core shell nanoparticles were obtained as indicated by SEM image (Fig. 3a) and TEM image (Fig. 3b).
