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Burning sugarcane ethanol instead of petroleum leads to a 60 to 80percentt decrease in greenhouse gases, says Renninger.
Emission rates of many pollutants were higher when coal was used as the main kiln fuel (instead of petroleum coke).
"If you use biodiesel instead of petroleum, you lower almost all the criteria pollutants coming out of your tailpipe," says Shari Friedman, an environmental consultant based in Washington.
(Whoever does it will get all his company's business, he has said). Substituting "carbohydrates" — using corn dextrose instead of petroleum — would be even bigger.
DuPont has teamed up with Tate & Lyle, a British sugar firm, to build the first commercial factory to make propanediol (a chemical used in cosmetics, among other things) from corn instead of petroleum.
For example, Coca-Cola invested millions of dollars in creating its PlantBottle, which gets its plastic from plants instead of petroleum, and saved 315,000 metric tons of CO2 between 2009 and 2015.
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One firm, for example, has devised a way to make glue using oil from locally-grown castor beans instead of petroleum-based chemicals.
A bio-based (natural and biodegradable) matrix reinforced by natural fibers also provides an important environmental advantage, as renewable resources are used instead of petroleum-based materials.
By using ethanol instead of petroleum-based fuels, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30percentt and reduce petroleum use in fuel production by 95percentt.
But "instead of using petroleum products, you can have microbes or other living organisms do it for you," Silver said.
This process provides a clean and economically competitive route for the production of these commodity chemicals from renewable glycerol instead of nonrenewable petroleum products.
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