This ready-to-use and cold-chain-free biosensor facilitated the post-LAMP analysis based on visualisation of lines on strip instead of observation of amplicon patterns in agarose gel.
Virtualization enables supply chain actors to monitor, control, plan and optimize business processes remotely and in real-time through the Internet, based on virtual objects instead of observation on-site.
This preserves the use of human intelligence and intuition for analysis instead of observation of behavior.
The point-wise acceleration approach differentiates interpolating functions fitted to the observations instead of the observations themselves, while the averaged acceleration approach differentiates the observations directly.
For instance, when SNR was set to 0 dB, instead of 10 observations, 50 observations were required to have a similar performance along the whole range of the temporal correlation.
Instead of generating observations from a known theoretical distribution, we generate observations from the distribution of the sample itself - the empirical distribution.
This estimation procedure is well defined because if we use crisp data instead of fuzzy observations, then our estimation reduces to the classical estimation.
Loosely described, this utilises a type of adjusted daughter average instead of individual observations, as suggested by Schaeffer [ 15].
One disadvantage of using FCS instead of direct observations of pecking behaviour is that one can only detect the victim of FP and not the animal that actually inflicts the pecking.
Al-Biruni contributed significant advances in calculus and trigonometry and boldly criticized Aristotle for relying on pure thought and reasoning, which often led to mistakes, instead of careful observation and experimentation, an early appreciation of the modern scientific method.
