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It may not be the first thing you'd expect in this remote Himalayan kingdom – a mystical Buddhist nation that famously measures gross national happiness instead of GDP – but the show is part of the brand new Annual Bhutan International Festival.
One notable exception to the reign of GDP across the globe is Bhutan, which for the last four decades has used "gross national happiness" as the important measure, instead of GDP.
They claim that their work highlights the importance of promoting general well-being, "not just because happiness is what the general population aspires to (instead of GDP), but also for its productive effects – ie, it may pay off to focus policy on maximising happiness and minimising suffering".
Measuring prosperity in GNH (Gross National Happiness) instead of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) was a concept introduced by the revered former monarch Jigme Singye Wangchuck in the 1970s, and 2015 has served as Visit Bhutan Year to honour his 60th birthday.
6Another variable that could have been used as a measure of human capital quality instead of GDP per capita is labor productivity.
Similar results were obtained when health expenditure was included instead of GDP, although the number of observations was then smaller because of the limited availability of health expenditure data.
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Many economist use real GDP instead of nominal GDP when determining the growth rate of an economy.
The second robustness analysis uses the mean real GDP of five neighboring countries (France, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands and the U.K). instead of the GDP of Belgium.
This is the reason why we use the mean real GDP of five neighboring countries (France, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands and the U.K). instead of the GDP of Belgium in a sensitivity analysis.
Second, new policies from the central government and local governments have increasingly emphasized the "quality" (environmental impacts), instead of the "quantity" (GDP), of economic development.
Instead of arguing that GDP growth was a benefit to biodiversity - with the shallow argument that it put more money into conservation programs - they'll be pointing to the fact that species are declining despite no growth in GDP.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com