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Perhaps it is time for us to start asking whether the "gender war" may be a consequence of Freud's "narcissism of small differences", instead of evidence of some great gulf between the minds of men and of women.
This is part of a phenomenon known as motivated reasoning, where instead of evidence being evaluated critically, it is deliberately interpreted in such a way as to reaffirm a pre-existing belief, demanding impossibly stringent examination of unwelcome evidence while accepting uncritically even the flimsiest information that suits one's needs.
Circumstantial ad hominem ( = tu quoque ) Instead of evidence, an opponent's past actions, words or motives are put under suspicion.
Table 2 Definitions and general examples of commonly occurring argumentative fallacies in creationist writings Definition Reference(s) Example(s) Ad hominem Attacking an opponent's character instead of evidence.
Appeal to consequences and guilt by association Instead of evidence, a theory is rejected based on its alleged consequences or linking the opponent's viewpoint to distasteful and evil phenomena.
Making vital decisions based on ideology instead of evidence has had real costs.
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It's false hopes for people instead of evidence-based treatments".
The result revealed that most Nigerian Gynaecologists prefer reassurance and anxiolytics for managing severe menopausal symptoms instead of evidence-based effective therapies.
The performed numbers of low-back surgeries vary widely between and even within countries and the used intervention techniques do seem to be based on personal or societal preferences instead of evidence-based medicine [ 10].
The reasons cited in the literature for consulting human sources instead of evidence-based information include convenience and efficiency, a perceived lack of computer skills, and avoidance of large amounts of retrieved information which are still to be read, analysed and evaluated [ 37, 38].
Within the scope of emphasis on evidence based medicine in psychiatry it seems doubtful that local traditions instead of scientific evidence determine the kind of intervention [ 14].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com