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The results hold only when role balance is conceptualized as a configural property of groups instead of a sum of individual roles.
That is, a (overline{Delta m/z}) value of 58.042 Th may as well suggest the occurrence of a propylene oxide unit instead of a sum of two different units—and propylene units are known to exist for homologue series [52].
But since the product is more tolerant against outliers – one similar color channel in terms of the histogram distance leads to a very small total distance between two images already – we favor the product instead of a sum.
We choose the PAM algorithm because, compared to the k-means approach, it: (a) accepts a dissimilarity matrix (missing values allowed), (b) is more robust as it minimizes a sum of dissimilarities instead of a sum of squared Euclidean distances, (c) provides a graphical display, the silhouette plot, which allows the user to select the optimal number of clusters [ 110].
Similar(55)
In the alternative scenario with multiple (at most ) targets, where represents one of possible target configurations, the likelihood function model in (10) depends instead on a sum of data terms (27).
Since all groups become equivalent, instead of taking a sum over all groups, we can multiply by k.
Many unit trusts and open-ended investment companies also offer the option of making regular monthly investments, instead of a lump sum payment.
Normally, an object will consist of a continuous distribution of intensity, and, instead of a simple sum, a convolution integral results.
Instead of a lump sum, this pays out a tax-free monthly income from the date of death until the end of the policy term.
Or they could force borderline borrowers to take monthly payments instead of a lump sum and divert part of the payments to an escrow account that the banks could then use to pay insurance companies and tax authorities.
Ms. Levy added: "I talked with one donor recently who said, 'I want to continue to support you, but instead of a lump sum payment, can I spread it over three or four months?' It absolutely made my day to hear that sentiment".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com