When applied through cut petioles in Petunia, HypSys did not induce the production of protease inhibitors, but instead increased expression of defensin, a gene which produces a protein that inserts into microbial membranes, forming a pore.
Instead, increased expression of these cell cycle checkpoint and control genes may represent tightened control of various stages of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage or misalignment of chromosomes during mitosis.
Instead, because increased expression of TNF- α was already observed in the sham DM group, a new group was prepared which received repeated ETN doses immediately after the onset of diabetes.
In fact, studies have shown that although VEGF is required for the initial growth of human breast tumor carcinoma cells, after the tumor had reached a certain size, they were no longer dependent on VEGF but instead showed increased expression of bFGF [ 40].
Instead, we observed increased expression of BNIP3 and BNIP3L, two proteins whose expression is enhanced by HIF-1 (Guo et al, 2001).
Surprisingly, we observed minimal apoptosis or necrosis in all the cell lines but instead observed induction of autophagy and increased expression of LC3B II in all the cell lines following 24 h of DCA treatment.
Mutations in β-catenin have not been observed in OS, but instead increased β-catenin activity has been linked to increased expression of Wnt receptors or an inhibition or loss of expression of secreted inhibitors 28.
Instead, it is possible that increased tissue invasion is attributed to S. oralis-triggered increased expression of Candida virulence genes, responsible for mucosal invasion.
Instead, they observed that irradiated TICs have reduced tumor cell senescence associated with increased telomerase activity and increased expression of the senescence-associated proteins, including ING1, p21WAF, and SA-β galactosidase.
Increased expression of adiponectin was also detected.
