For example, both Pcellmax (maximum light-saturated photosynthesis – a measure of photosynthetic capacity) and αcellmax (maximal instantaneous light utilization – a measure of photosynthetic efficiency, see Materials and Methods) had strong periodicities (Figure 3B), with the former reaching a maximum at mid-day, and the latter reaching one closer to dusk.
The high dynamics of the time varying channel prohibit the utilization of instantaneous CSIT.
For overcoming these limitations, the paper proposes the utilization of the instantaneous acceleration-based model, which includes unsteady head losses proportional to the water column inertia.
Simulation results show that this mechanism can keep the instantaneous queue size stable and maintain high link utilization in a wide variety of network conditions.
Yet, such a mapping scheme independent of the instantaneous load on the PEs may lead to under-utilization of some type of PEs while overloading others.
The advantage of exploiting CSIT prediction for cognitive LTE-A is illustrated here in terms of five performance measures, i.e., spectrum utilization, sensing energy, channel switching, PLR, and average instantaneous throughput.
The improvement by employing CSIT using NN is illustrated in terms of five performance measures, i.e., spectrum utilization, sensing energy, channel switching rate, PLR, and average instantaneous throughput.
The performance gains by exploiting CSIT prediction in CR LTE-A network are evaluated in terms of spectrum utilization, sensing energy, channel switching rate, packet loss ratio, and average instantaneous throughput.
Finally, the proposed CSIT predictor is compared with nonpredictive CR in LTE-A in terms of five performance measures, i.e., spectrum utilization, sensing energy, channel switching rate, packet loss ratio (PLR), and average instantaneous throughput.
Load indices based on resource queue lengths are found to perform better than those based on resource utilization, and the use of an exponential smoothing method yields further improvement over that of instantaneous queue lengths.
