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Total contractile work in the range of motion (90° to 10°, 0° = full knee extension) was determined as the time-integral of contractile power production, where power was calculated by the instantaneous product of muscle torque and joint angular speed, the latter expressed in radians (Crameri et al, 2007).
In this paper an industrial case study is presented where the challenges related to the real-time estimation of the required time to manufacture a resin and to the instantaneous product quality estimation are addressed using multivariate statistical techniques.
Subscripts r, ip, and p represent reactant, instantaneous product, and accumulated product, respectively.
The isotopic compositions of unconsumed reactant (blue, solid line), instantaneous product (black, broken line), and cumulative product (red, solid line) are shown as a function of the fraction of unutilized substrate (f) for a unidirectional reaction.
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Before the authors can make a clear distinction between mutations (instantaneous products of mutagenesis), polymorphisms (segregating alleles in a population) and substitutions (sequence differences between homologs in different species or strains) and make it clear to the reader what kind of data they are using the manuscript will remain fatally flawed.
Three-dimensional anatomical data were displayed in a reference system defined on the femur as follows: (1) proximo-distal axis was defined as the tibial mechanical axis in full extension; (2) medio-lateral axis was defined as the transepicondylar line, normalized with respect to (1); antero-posterior axis was defined as the instantaneous cross product of (1) and (2) (Fig. 4).
Two different formulations of the momentum equation were tested: the common one, where drag forces are expressed in terms of the squared mean velocity (ū2), and an alternative one in which drag forces depend on the averaged product of instantaneous wind intensity and instantaneous longitudinal wind component |U|u.
The synchronized experimental data on time-temperature history of the process (both in sample volume and on surface), instantaneous front velocity and product oxygen flow rate are obtained.
Do dreams have duration, or are they the product of instantaneous memory insertion at the moment of awakening?
Since these cannot be measured directly, they were calculated by comparing the instantaneous to the final product concentrations after addition of excess cyclohexyl bromide.
The cumulated masses and the instantaneous concentrations of gaseous products were obtained under the experimental conditions.
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