Let x, z∈{0, 1} m be two instances; the Jaccard similarity between the two instances is defined as s x, z)=(| x∩ z|)/(| x∪ z|), that is, the ratio of the number of features that the instances have in common over the overall number of features.
A loss instance is defined as a block of consecutive missing packets delimited by two successfully received ones.
In the general language, such units are usually generic and polysemic ('esmalte'enamelmel'), for instance, is defined as 'an opaque or semi-transparent glossy substance that is a type of glass, applied by vitrification to metallic or other hard surfaces for ornament or as a protective coating'9 and it has three meanings, on average, in Portuguese dictionaries).
Orthodox in this instance is defined as being consistent with the notion held by a majority of North American orthopaedic surgeons that chiropractic treatment is not effective for non-musculoskeletal conditions [ 25].
Reagent qualification in this instance is defined as establishing confidence through documented evidence that an assay reagent is suitable for its intended use and consistently performing within the established limits.
An instance is defined as clear-discerned when its U (X p u | Y ) is higher than a given threshold µ, i.e. U (X p v | Y ) > μ, otherwise it is blur-discerned.
In both instances significant associations were defined as those exceeding a 0.05 significance level based on 5,000 permutations (Cheng and Palmer 2012).
For instance, current smokers were defined as participants who admitted to smoking more than three times per week for at least six months.
Glycogen clusters were defined as instances where three or more glycogen granules were present in close proximity (<100 nm).
Reversals within RNP tracks were defined as instances when d of consecutive frames i and i+1 were >22 nm and the absolute value of the sign of d i minus d i+1 equalled 2 (i.e., |sign(d i )-sign(d i+1 )| = 2), where sign(d) = +1 for d >0 and sign(d) = −1 for d <0.
