For instance, redundancy of TSGs could buffer their inactivation by requiring more mutations (Nunney 1999; Leroi et al. 2003; Seluanov et al. 2008; Caulin and Maley 2011).
However, layoffs are rare in Norwegian hospitals, even with instances of redundancy [ 64]; the mergers in our study were seldom accompanied by major downsizing.
During this stage we were somewhat surprised to discover that not all instances of redundancy for highly homologous proteins were detected in the all vs. all BLAST step that we carried out previously.
For instance, could redundancy resulting from polyploidy destabilize the incipient differentiation of the two paralogs, NRPD2/E2-a and NRPD2/E2-b, or could the occasional loss of primary duplication be compensated for by secondary duplications resulting from polyploidy?
Assuming that we have N EFMs, we can write this as Eq. (18): 18 Here α i are non-negative weighting coefficients that total one (Eq. 19) 19 Both EMFs and ExPas can be exploited to evaluate, for instance, pathway redundancy, to find (sub- optimal pathwaysub- optimalvestigation of pathwaysproperties, such as cost and length, and to study the eforcthef gene deletinvestigation].
For instance, if avoiding of missing values is more important than the case redundancies, then (mathrm{weight}_{III}) will receive another argument in comparison to (frac{1}{3}).
These results can be explained as a special instance of the redundancy effect as well as a consequence of processing interference within visuo-spatial working memory.
An instance of time redundancy would be to perform the same operation twice and see whether the same result is obtained both times (if not, then a fault has occurred).
We found all possible combinations of the AICAR formyltransferases PurH1 and PurP with the IMP cyclohydrolases PurH2 or PurO, along with instances of both apparent redundancy in the AICAR formyltransferase step and missing genes for the IMP cyclohydrolase step.
