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Significant instances of duplication events of pollinator lineages (5-7; P < 0.05) were indicated by the analysis using default cost assignments.
Although a number of global health initiatives have assisted governments in strengthening their supply chain management systems, there is evidence that indicates instances of duplication leading to increased operational costs (21).
While alignment of the Matina 1-6 anchored physical map contigs to the Criollo genome sequence revealed long stretches of collinear sequence, there were also many instances of rearrangements by either inversion or translocation and instances of duplication.
To examine this, similar to Andolfo et al. [ 34], we searched for potential duplication events in the potato ortho-haplotype and tomato (although we used straightforward sequence identity comparisons rather than phylogenetic inference, and identified fewer instances of duplication because of the use of a higher threshold to declare putative orthologs).
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Several instances of duplications have been reported for the machinery of small non-coding RNAs, in particular for the miRNA pathway in animals.
If this number is combined with the number of other instances of genes' duplication events, such as segmental or tandem duplication, the high number (71%) of the OsGELP genes potentially arose from such mode of evolutionary novelty.
Indeed, the distribution of genes encoding both α- and β-subunits (Fig. 2B) suggests the evolution of the TGFβ superfamily reflects a complex birth-death process with many instances of gene duplication and gene loss.
There are several instances of gene duplication and translocation in FeP2 and PEPV relative to FWPV.
We observed numerous instances of genome duplication in the three study strains, often in multiloci positions.
The analyses of guide sequences revealed the accelerated evolution of C/D box sRNA genes with instances of gene duplication, rearrangement and guide sequence diversification.
TPS and TPP domains have evolved mainly in parallel and it is likely that they have experienced several instances of gene duplication and lateral gene transfer.
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