Since these species are descendants of lunged ancestors, the absence of lungs must represent an instance of evolutionary loss.
Finches typically have triangular bills suited to seed eating, so the radical divergence of the iiwi and the Hawaiian honeycreepers to which it is related constitutes a remarkable instance of evolutionary plasticity.
A potentially similar instance of evolutionary co-option may come from research on moss orthologs of the Arabidopsis bHLH transcription factors RHD6 and AtRSL1, reported to control root hair development.
Terms such as vestige, contrivance, oddity, and imperfection are special instances of evolutionary remnants that are especially compelling because we have evidence that function in a given case is suboptimally or inefficiently developed, consistent with DWM but inconsistent with Special Creation.
In paleontology, cladistic methodology is particularly unreliable if joined with SJ Gould's anti-adaptationist stance (Gould and Lewontin [1979]), for only a thorough understanding of adaptation allows us to use the present as a reliable key to the past, and single out likely instances of evolutionary convergence.
Other analyses identified clear instances of evolutionary rate changes post-duplication, the effects of concerted evolution within tandem gene arrays and gene conversion events between syntenic loci.
This means that single instances of evolutionary change can be counted multiple times, and this can increase both false positive and false negative error rates [ 33, 34].
Moreover, many instances of evolutionary rescue have been reported, especially the evolution of antibiotic resistance in microbes, pesticide resistance in insects, and herbicide resistance in plants (see Palumbi 2001).
TRF events can be considered as only one instance of co-evolutionary dynamics in social networks.
We extend our previous work by examining a second instance of co-evolutionary dynamics on Twitter, namely the possibility of an unfollow event to occur.
