When challenged we appeal to evidence just as we do in the instance of straightforwardly factual claims, and we make logical inferences that conform to logical systems based on claims having truth-values.
Felicity, born in 1919, wife of a claims assessor, for instance, says of sex: "They do say it's the most important and the least important thing".
The story is now the third reported instance of people with claims about the president's infidelities being paid for their silence.
In instances of competing claims to an invention, most countries grant the patent to the first person to file an application.
To this end, we included only patients with OA with persistent symptoms, defined as those who had made at least three instances of ambulatory claims of OA within a period of 90 days.
This summer, a dozen or more instances of bloodshed claimed scores of lives, mostly in the fertile crescent of southern Xinjiang, the Uighur heartland.
To increase the accuracy of ascertainment, only patients who had at least three instances of ambulatory claims of OA that occurred within a period of 90 days were included.
Similar considerations apply to the probabilities of specific data points conditional on theoretical principles, and the probabilities of confirming or disconfirming instances of theoretical claims conditional on the values of specific data points.
One response rejects the last step, insisting that there are general claims that could have been true, and so are true at some accessible possible world, without there being specific instances of those claims that are true at those accessible worlds.
To add insult to injury, the nonprofit organization Truth in Advertising found more than 100 instances of Walmart claiming products on its website as "Made in the USA," despite these goods actually having foreign origins.
