For example, he said, although personal computer companies can load non-Microsoft products and icons to competing software on a new computer's Windows desktop, Microsoft would be permitted under the settlement to install software that asks users after 14 days if they want to change the PC maker's selections, presumably to Microsoft's preferred offerings.
Drilled displacement columns (DDCs) are a soil improvement method where a closely spaced array of concrete columns is installed to reduce settlements and increase stability.
Furthermore, it points out that PC-makers are, in the wake of the American settlement, entitled to install media players made by other firms alongside WMP.
The lawsuits charged that the companies had failed to install the required controls, and tentative settlements were reached last year with two big operators -- Cinergy, based in Cincinnati, and Virginian Electric Power, in Richmond -- which agreed to install costly new controls.
Nevertheless, on a daily basis, utility firms do install pipes and poles in unplanned settlements.
Along with Mr. Chirac's involvement, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia visited Azerbaijan last month and told Mr. Aliyev that Russia was ready to guarantee installing a peace settlement.
Under the settlement, the company will install equipment to reduce emissions of the compounds, as well as cut emissions of small particles and carbon monoxide.
As part of the settlement, the bank will install a monitor for at least two years to vet the bank's money-laundering controls and put in permanent officials who will audit the bank's internal procedures.
On average, the companies that have agreed to install advanced air-pollution controls under the settlements will reduce their emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide at refineries by 70percentt, said E.P.A. officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
Finally, sewers can be politically challenging to install, as extending networked infrastructure to informal settlements can confer legitimacy on the illegal occupation of land, disrupting the integrity of property laws.
