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The proposed architecture was fabricated from the insertion structure, which was accomplished through only three steps, i.e., nanoimprint, aluminum deposition and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), to embed the Al wire grating into PMMA substrate.
In this paper, the Al wire gratings of the insertion structure with 100 nm in linewidth, 240 nm in pitch and 235 nm in height were successfully replicated into the PMMA substrate of 1 cm2.
By taking the advantage of the characteristic of the insertion structure, this technique fabricated PMMA wires with O2 plasma etching by employing the nano-scale Al wire gratings as a mask to achieve bi-layered structures.
From a population of ∼2000 plants, we isolated 16 alleles that carry a duplication and/or insertion structure.
PT insertion, structure (collagen fiber organization and proteoglycan, PG, content), PT thickness, enthesis area, and subchondral bone volume at the enthesis were measured by histomorphometry and microtomography.
Depending on the complexity of insertion structure, splinkerette PCR could determine the insertion vector-chromosome junction or the closest restriction sites used in the assay to the insertion site.
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The insertion structures with potential applications in metallic wire grid polarizers possesses the advantages of being able to avoid the embedded nanostructure from damage due to contamination or stresses during packaging process or transportation.
This paper proposed an efficient process, with high throughput, for manufacturing stable insertion structures inside PMMA substrates through only three steps, i.e., nanoimprint, metal deposition and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
The simple insertion events in transposon mutagenesis allow for high-throughput sequencing for mapping insertion sites, while the complex insertion structures generated by non-homologous recombination require insertion sites to be determined by low/medium-throughput approaches.
These results suggest that although TAIL-PCR and inverse splinkerette PCR are not sufficient for mapping all insertion sites, they are complimentary to each other in deciphering insertion positions accompanied by different insertion structures.
A similar insertion element structure has been reported to be essential for virulence in Shigella sonnei[ 49].
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