Subtotal meniscectomy, note the residual meniscus base (upper left); Measurement of the meniscus defect for preparation of suitable biomaterial (upper right); Insertion of the cell-free biomaterial and fixation with all-inside and outside-in suture techniques (lower row).
Analogous studies with T cells (Figure 7), therefore, were found to indicate that all three AHLs are also capable of insertion into the cell membrane in the micromolar concentration range.
Other modifications of fullerenes allow for the destruction of microbes by insertion into the cell wall, which is then followed by the disruption of the cell membrane structure [3].
Helix formation in the transition state correlates with sequence position and the order of transmembrane insertion into the cell membrane, showing that in vitro measurements, in entirely different conditions to natural membranes, may reflect the cellular situation.
Targeting efficiency is a function of the rate of lipid DNA insertion into the cell surface and its persistence over time.
Depending on the frequency of insertion sites within the cell population, and the number of samples run in parallel, there can be anywhere from 50 to 5000-fold coferane of an individual RIS within the reads generated from a single sequencing run.
The outcome of this coevolutionary dynamic — the amount of repeat sequence present in a genome — is dictated in part by the relative strengths of 1) genetic drift, which can cause fixation of slightly deleterious repeats, and 2) selection for/against repeat insertions and efficacy of the cell's repeat silencing machinery [ 28- 30].
We demonstrate that an aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube array can immobilize Hela cells through insertion of the nanotube tips into the cell.
This occurred despite the trimeric status of the fibers, their normal O-glycosylation and nuclear import, and the insertion of proper cell ligands for their binding to and propagation in receptor-displaying host cells [15] [17].
Despite the hydrophobic nature of C60, that should allow the insertion of the tested compounds into the cell membrane bilayer, leading to potential alteration of its structure and function, there is no increase of permeability to PI, suggesting that the observed cell toxicity largely depends on the effects on mitochondria.
The localization of proteins identified from TIF was consistent with that of an extracellular fluid and further suggested that the insertion of the catheter caused minimal cell damage.
