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Except for the C2 chain, all peptide acyl chains were found to insert well into the membrane.
The rehydration solution was carefully removed from the inserts, 0.5 ml Complete Tu (2% FBS) was added to the lower wells of the plate, and 2.5×104 cells suspended in 0.5 ml of serum-free Complete Tu media were added to each insert well.
The inserts were washed with serum-free RPMI 1640, then 100 μl of the cell suspension was added to each insert and 250 μl of RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS was added to the insert well.
HSC3 cells (1 × 10) were seeded on the bottom of the insert well coated with fibronectin (pore size 3 μm; diameter 5 mm, Becton-Dickinson, Bedford, MA, USA), which was set on the well and exchanged medium to DMEM with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma).
In experiments to assess whether cell migration represented chemotaxis or random chemokinesis in the absence of a concentration gradient, platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) was added to the lower chamber, top insert well only, or both top insert and lower chamber.
The rehydration solution was carefully removed from the inserts, 0.75 ml DMEM containing chemo-attractant (1%FBS) was added to the lower wells of the plate, and 0.5 ml of cell suspension (2.5 × 104 cells, in serum-free medium containing 0.1%BSA) was added to each insert well.
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[Insert well-trodden assertion that Twitter is breaking the hearts of its developer ecosystem here.].
Tubular epithelial cells of proximal and distal origin were isolated from human kidneys and cultured as polarized cells in insert wells.
For invasion assays, the upper chambers of inserts were coated with 100 μl of Matrigel (1 mg/ml, BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), and ECs (2 × 10 cells) were added to the Matrigel-coated insert wells.
Briefly, GFP-GSC (p3) were seeded at 2 × 10 cells per well in the bottom wells of Transwells, and human endothelial cells were seeded at a ratio of 1 : 1 in the membrane insert wells.
MDA-MB-231 cells were pretreated with ATP or UTP for 6 h to induce AMs expression (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and were then harvested and seeded onto ECs-coated insert wells.
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