But, more recently, attention has shifted to the psychological reactions that impede learning — the ones that flow from insecure relationships, constant movement and economic anxiety.
These behaviors result in problematic and insecure relationships later in life (Bowlby 1988; Sherman et al. 2015).
Many of these children are at risk for emotional, behavioral, school problems and insecure relationships.
However mothers with SMI and their infants may exhibit an insecure attachment relationship that significantly increases infant's risk of psychopathology [ 36], whereas a secure mother-infant attachment relationship might protect against risk development in high risk infants.
As noted, these are children who had have opportunities to form selective attachment and who show a selective (albeit Insecure) attachment relationship with their current caregiver.
"People who suppress their emotions, especially amusement and especially when the normative response is to show it, are perceived less extraverted, less agreeable, and more insecure toward relationships," the authors concluded.
Empirical studies have provided contradictory results, but the majority found that mothers depressed postnatally were more likely to develop insecure attachment relationships with their infants [ 20- 23].
Insecure attachment relationships are thought to cause psychological distress, such as feelings of depression or anxiety (Bowlby 1982; Schaie and Zuo 2000; Seeman et al. 2001).
Insecure peer relationships increased the likelihood that boys and girls would develop self-harming behaviours, as did being bullied for boys.
