The insecure nature of tenure in rural Vietnam has meant that long-term benefits from PES schemes have not been guaranteed to service providers, particularly poor households.
The most frequently mentioned barrier is lack of information followed by lack of seed, shortage of land, lack of money, lack of oxen, lack of water, shortage of labor, lack of fertilizer, insecure land tenure and lack of market access, listed according to their importance.
The other barriers mentioned by the farmers include: lack of water, lack of labor, insecure land tenure and lack of market access.
However, constraints of local food crop cultivation traditions, insecure land tenure, lack of capital, lack of knowledge, lack of technical assistance, and perceived risk of investing in land due to local conflict (in Bangladesh) limit farmers' willingness to adopt this land use alternative.
We examine the prospects for implementing PES projects under a centralised government in Vietnam, where insecure land tenure, high transaction costs, high opportunity costs and pervasive capture of benefits by local elites challenges PES policy and practice.
So the problem goes beyond the weather and includes insecure land tenure, the 29 million Africans with AIDS or H.I.V., and the lack of irrigation.
The analysis revealed that despite higher environmental and economic benefits the low adoption of agroforestry is largely attributed to policy and institutional constraints such as insecure land tenure, complicated transit rules, double levy on agricultural commodities, and farmers' poor socio-economic condition.
But I'd get rid of tenure.
This is the genius of tenure".
Households with secure land tenure had four per cent higher probability of adopting improved maize variety and three per cent higher chance of adopting combined inorganic fertilizer and improved maize variety than their counterparts with insecure land tenure regime.
Insecure land tenure and property rights are an impediment to infrastructure access and services for households in many developing countries.
