Sentence examples for insect defence from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, Oe-PR27 is induced by B. oleae feeding and punctures, implying an involvement in insect defence.

Humoral insect defence mechanisms however remain potent inhibitors when the ookinete crosses the epithelial layer (James, 1928; Dimopoulos, 2003; Osta et al., 2004; Christophides, 2005; Povelones et al., 2011; Shrinet et al., 2014).

Strikingly, a shift in expression is observed from orthologs of genes for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, probably functioning primarily in insect defence, to orthologs of genes for the biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates, serving as precursors of phytoalexins.

Using this approach we show that the pleiotropic effect of genes involved in indirect insect defence traits is substantially equivalent to the variation in gene expression occurring naturally in Arabidopsis.

See also Insect defences Ants attack and defend themselves by biting and, in many species, by stinging, often injecting or spraying chemicals, such as formic acid in the case of formicine ants, alkaloids and piperidines in fire ants, and a variety of protein components in other ants.

Several signalling pathways, including JA, SA, and ET, are believed to orchestrate the induction of insect defences [ 10].

In contrast, we show that such volatiles can serve as a first line of insect defences that extends the 'extended phenotype' represented by galls, beyond physical boundaries.

Our results suggest that selection pressures on insect defences could vary with temperature across days, seasons or environmental climes, such as latitude and elevation.

In this study, to understand better the selection pressures acting on insect defences, we investigated the impact of changing ambient temperature on the decisions of avian predators foraging on toxic insect prey.

Arabidopsis thaliana has been established as a relevant system for the discovery of genes associated with response to herbivory, including genes for specialized (i.e. secondary) metabolism as well as genes involved in plant-insect defence signalling.

With regard to specific pathways involved in plant defence against insects, the Arabidopsis genomic resources have much advanced, for example, the discovery of genes and proteins of secondary metabolism (specifically glucosinolate, phenolic, and terpenoid metabolism) [ 7- 11], as well as genes involved in plant-insect defence signalling [ 12- 14].