Participatory research is 'an orientation to inquiry' and can be regarded as a methodology that argues in favour of the significance and usefulness of involving research partners in a knowledge-production process that is reflexive, flexible and iterative [ 44].
The reason for it, and the reason a corrective is needed now, is that although psychoanalysis began in a spirit of open-ended inquiry, with an orientation above all to be helpful to the patient, it took on a self-perpetuating guild mentality that was its ruin.
However when engaging in deeper inquiry, teachers existing orientations featured more prominently in the conversations.
This community orientation to inquiry, well-articulated by Lipman (2003), sets FOLC and the CoI apart from generic e-learning models like that of Anderson (2004), which seeks to include non-constructivist distance education.
Interpretive description is a methodological framework grounded in a constructivist orientation to inquiry (28).
This approach is grounded in a constructivist and naturalistic orientation to inquiry, and aims to develop a coherent conceptual account of patterns and commonalities that characterize a phenomenon, while accounting for individual variations [ 30].
Future research on newcomer orientation should be guided by a clear definition of the conceptual domain, borrow liberally from related areas of inquiry, be conducted in field settings, and use experimental designs.
It would instead appear more fertile to deal with problems by way of "policy inquiry", which adopts a pragmatic orientation, presupposing that the problems and their solutions have their roots in the contexts, and which recognises the interactive and procedural dimension in the decision-making process (Lanzara 1993, Regonini 2001).
While I understand that there was a time where the whole "my private life is none of your business" thing was an acceptable way to deflect nosy inquiry into one's sexual orientation and blunt societal homophobia, in most parts of the country that time has long since passed.
It will then result in several proposals for PIA practice that may inspire further inquiries with a stronger methodological orientation.
