Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers whose inputs have led to significant improvements in this work.
However, challenges such as capacity limitations (feedstock availability and supply), food vs. fuel issues, high feedstock prices, land and fresh water use, intensive agricultural inputs have led to investigation of second generation biofuels that address some of these concerns.
Increasing nutrient input has led to eutrophication in many lakes, which coincides with the increasing dominance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton assemblages [ 1, 2].
The availability of time-series data in mutant organisms, combined with varying input signals, has led to a series of detailed circadian clock models for these organisms (e.g. [9], [19]), including Arabidopsis.
Continuous cropping in the absence of external nutrient inputs to soils has led to the expression of poorly productive patches in farmers' fields of western Kenya.
A focus on the value, authenticity, and relevance of a participant's input is what has led to the prevalence of trolling in online culture.
Gradual scientific input into these mechanisms has led to the appearance of methodical and controlled hybridisation, based on empirical and systematic trial-and-error techniques, the detection of useful mutations and the 'fixation' of desired characteristics such as disease resistance or flavour enhancement through the deliberate crossings operated by plant breeders (Kingsbury [2009]).
Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased reactive nitrogen inputs to aquatic ecosystems, which has led to numerous eutrophication problems such as harmful phytoplankton blooms, temporal hypoxia and fish death [1].
At the same time, the frequent damage from pests, weeds and diseases has led to the high input of chemical inputs with resulting soil deterioration in Taiwan.
While the Fluidigm system can potentially offer greater sample throughput based on multiplexing the primer input nanowells, in our experience, this has led to substantial dimer products in the final library.
