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The proposed topology can handle both negative and positive input voltage signal with high accuracy.
The surface actuator produces electrically induced dynamic deformation responses of displacement as high as 157 μm and output force as large as 60 mN under a sinusoidal input voltage signal of 2 kV at 140 Hz.
First one needs to take a sample of the input voltage signal, and then one can disconnect the input and perform the actual conversion of the sampled voltage to a numerical value.
By evaluation, it is determined that using only one input (voltage) signal not only improves speed and simplicity and reduces costs, also makes accuracy of the proposed relay better than other intelligent and passive methods.
Fig. 4 The diagram of simple voltage sampling, including an ideal voltage source, a sampling switch S, a capacitor C, and a resistance R. If input voltage signal is V in(t), output voltage V out(t) is given.
In our system, this is performed using a digital lock-in amplifier (Zurich Instruments HF2LI), which is a specialized ADC that first mixes an input voltage signal with a reference frequency, ω ref, shifting the frequencies of the input signal by ±ω ref. Therefore the frequency information around the reference frequency of the input signal is now the low frequency component of the mixed signal.
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The PRBS input voltage signals were applied to the IPMC in order to identify the system characteristic.
The VCCS generates an output current I O proportional to its input voltage, the MFS signal f p, t).
The phase relationship between the input radio signal and output voltage signal rotates two times in this frequency range.
The 60 Hz AC input voltage, the full-wave rectified signal in absence of the filtering capacitor, and the final DC output with the filtering capacitor are presented in Fig. 5b d.
It leads to reduced input voltage swings and nonlinearity; during analog signal processing.
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