While the motor torque and the adhesion torque are adopted as input in this traction system model, the railway vehicle velocity and angular speed of the wheel are taken as output.
Suppose there are m outputs and no input in the system.
First, an interval observation for any input in the system is provided.
The chemical inputs used in this system, however, are 13- or 14-mer synthetic chemically modified oligonucleotides designed to hybridize with the complementary sequences strategically placed to modulate the ribozyme activity.
We asked whether NAR increases the input dynamic range in this system.
So, if neural control of airway growth is primarily via provision of mitogenic growth factors, one might expect airway morphogenesis to be independent of neural input in this simpler invertebrate system.
end{aligned} (17 The obtained contrained forces (due to the inputs in the system) can be substituted back onto the equations of motion (12).
Our dual focus scan system is shown in Fig. 2. The input to this system is a Yb KGW laser that operates at a central wavelength of 1038 nm, a repetition rate of 56.5 MHz, produces 2.5W average output power (45 nJ/pulse) and pulses ~250 fs in duration [ 19].
We show that input plasmids are replicated completely in this system, resulting in covalently closed, circular products indicating that elongation is not limiting.
Plant HK components are involved in hormonal and possibly light-mediated signal transduction processes, hence it is difficult to eliminate their input in our system.
