K.H. and A.D.R. designed the study and methodology, with input from T.F.K. A.D.R. contributed PhenoCam imagery.
Nevertheless, correlation between spiking activity of ensembles and their number of potential VPM synapses was surprisingly high, suggesting that the cell type specific initial synaptic input from VPM may contribute to the obtained cell type specific spiking responses.
SP participated in the workshop and contributed input from the perspective of study participants.
We obtained a relatively low number of mosaic females with silenced neurons in the other Gr66a -expressing pharyngeal organ, the LSO (n = 6), so the possibility remains that input from the LSO also contributes to egg-laying preference.
Thalamic activation promotes the cortical awake state and direct depolarization of superficial and deep-layer pyramidal neurons (Castro-Alamancos and Connors, 1996; Castro-Alamancos and Oldford, 2002; Constantinople and Bruno, 2013; Hirata and Castro-Alamancos, 2010; Poulet et al., 2012), suggesting input from the thalamus could contribute to changes in M1 output during motor behavior.
It is interesting to note that the distribution of Pdgfra mRNA expression compared to pAkt activity and AP staining is not strictly one-to-one; we speculate other factors such as ligand distribution, availability of intracellular signaling proteins, and input from other pathways may contribute toward the spatially restricted domains of osteoblast differentiation.
There must therefore either be further factors in the processing chains involved in developing RS1 and RS2 from their input datasets that contribute to the over- and under-estimation in these regions, or the non-random nature of the input field datasets must be causing this additional difference.
It remains possible that sprouted axons of glutamatergic inputs from other areas contribute to the increased excitability, and that CB1R expression on such terminals may also play a role in the effect of cannabinoids.
However, while male contact with the female genitalia is sufficient to drive the female song circuit, inputs from the brain contribute to response timing, IPI, and the decision to mate (in our experiments, headless females did not perform the characteristic wing-spreading behavior indicative of female acceptance and never copulated with WT males [data not shown]).
In fact, FM patients may experience more pain than typically expected from the contributing nociceptive input [ 3].
