8 These investigators satisfied Koch's postulates by inoculating material from a case patient into guinea pigs, which subsequently developed signs of infection, culturing the fungal organism from the animals' organs, and ultimately injecting mycelia from this culture into a rabbit, which developed Coccidioides-containing nodules in tissue.
These studies provide additional support for the concept that pathologically altered tau species possess a remarkable self-propagating and seeding capacity, and also indicate that seeding-competent tau species are somehow different and distinct across the class of tauopathies, such that the inoculating material acts as an exact template in the new host.
If, for instance, a field specimen has been received at a laboratory with no cell culture facilities whatsoever, the only way the virus can be isolated is to inoculate material into buffaloes or cattle.
Hence, we cannot rule out possible effects of interactions between nutrients and microorganisms in parent and inoculated materials since we inoculated a mixture of microorganisms and nutrients, and not only nutrients (priming effects sensu stricto, 22).
Many studies with visible tracers have shown inoculated materials travel out via vascular channels, and similarly CJD is detected in blood just after inoculation [ 11].
The method consisted of directly inoculating infectious material into the brains of hamsters and using the time to clinical symptoms as a measure of infectious titer.
We conclude that the Q-PCR method is a reliable and robust method for assessing the presence and quantity of T. harzianum strain T22 in manually inoculated plant material.
It is usual to inoculate field material into equal numbers of rinderpest-immune and rinderpest-susceptible animals (two of each).
For further testing, we inoculated homogenate material from 7 distinct malformations (samples 1, 2, 6, 8, 11, 12, and 15 in the Table) into baby mice; only 1 family of baby mice inoculated intracerebrally with the SHUV isolate (sample 11 in the Table) exhibited characteristic neurologic signs of nervousness.
However, the histopathologic lesions observed individually in all clinically positive mice that were inoculated with material from the caprine BSE-suspected case were consistent with those observed in the known BSE controls, irrespective of whether they came from fixed or frozen tissue, and with previous studies of BSE isolates (22, 30 ).
The cells of a culture inoculated with material derived from a sick animal (animal 3, on third day of clinical manifestations), when examined on day four after inoculation, gave clear nuclear fluorescence and moderate diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence, as previously described for adenovirus [ 32].
