Enabling Innovation Below the Communication API.
NetAPI allows applications to specify their communication intents against an abstract interface that hides implementation mechanisms, encouraging innovation below the API.
All boats are built within restricted dimensions and tolerances, yet there is plenty of room for individual innovation in below-the-deck systems and electronics.
Spurred by expert predictions that the volume of holiday traffic in Manhattan this season threatens to cause so much chaos that gridlock will itself be gridlocked, city officials have called in yet more experts to deploy a selection of congestion-busting innovations, described below.
The same may be said for the Neutral Theory, CNE, and some other post-MS innovations mentioned below: they all represent evolution in terms of events that follow origin-fixation dynamics, reflecting a conception of evolution as a 2-step proposal-acceptance process.
This Chinese language magazine includes a a fascinating case study of innovation from below,involving local authorities, "champions," extension agents and millions of farmers.
Late Majority are typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, in contact with others in late majority and early majority and little opinion leadership.
In seeking to challenge the US hegemony, developmental states have had to adapt their modus operandi to the needs of an uncertain knowledge market [ 45, 46] and to move towards what have been described as 'ecologies of innovation' (see below).
But even more than in years past, innovation bubbled up from below, disrupting the market in ways only just beginning to become clear.
Twentieth-century innovations are covered below.
