Exact(4)
Innovation – understood broadly to mean all types of learning: learning how to produce new products, how to reduce costs, how to upgrade quality, how to manage an organization – is a key driver of industrial development.
Innovation understood as complex process, often entails profound uncertainties and high risks, demanding large investments with late return, or stranded investments [15, 16].
There is a tendency to shift from a traditional definition of innovation understood as new or improved products, services, processes or improved organisational strategies towards innovation described as 'the ability of individuals, companies and entire nations to continuously create their desired future' (Kao as quoted in European Commission 2009a).
The ' enabling environment' and ' research culture' many of the Symposium participants prioritized speak to the need for trust, flexibility, and innovation understood in terms of change and some risk rather than as a short-form for 'potentially commercializable intellectual property'.
Similar(56)
This function-based analysis performed here enables us to use genomic data in order to identify lineage-specific functional innovations, understand their contribution in the wider context of metabolic networks, and outline the gradual process of species evolution.
Decreasing returns from incremental innovation are understood to motivate a search for a new radical innovation to provide a platform for more incremental innovation.
Is the innovation system understood as a subsystem of the knowledge system, then the innovation system represents for the advanced societies and economies an interface, through which politics and the economy (business) communicate and interact.
Should innovation (and innovation policy) be understood broadly, then innovation clearly integrates symmetrically the two axes of research and education (see, for example, Kuhlmann 2001, p. 954 .9 (2) Is there a knowledge concept more comprehensive than innovation?
Firms' needs for innovation-related competences and corporate management's higher expectations for innovation are very important determinants of current corporate activities, although both inherit the danger that innovation is understood a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Under diffusion, an early communication of the innovation is understood (i.e. in the model of Rogers (1995)) followed by the physical diffusion of innovation in the market.
The contradiction in the order of sexual stereotypes may seem dreamlike to a well-adjusted inhabitant of an era in which action, enterprise, artistic creativity and intellectual innovation are understood to be masculine, fraternal orders.
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