The questionnaire measured the participants' individual perception of their organization's innovation competence in four different phases of innovation: innovation strategy, idea generation, conversion, and diffusion.
First, prior to any innovation training, we identified the participants' level of innovation competence in four separate phases, based on a previously validated questionnaire (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007).
The use of foresight or the strategic foresight approach has been increasing in large companies to increase the innovation competence of organizations [4, 5] and to support strategic management [6].
In this context the concept of co-innovation competence is introduced and empirically analyzed.
While the project staff had the technological competence needed to carry out the innovation, business competence was lacking.
Firms' needs for innovation-related competences and corporate management's higher expectations for innovation are very important determinants of current corporate activities, although both inherit the danger that innovation is understood a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In Section 3, we describe how the Aalborg-version of the concept evolved by a combination of ideas that moved from production structure towards including all elements and relationships contributing to innovation and competence building.
The detailed evidence regarding medical disputes presented in this article adds depth to existing understanding of institutional development in China, showing that increased innovation and competence are not resulting in greater authority for the courts.
Second, it captures the recursive impact of radical innovations on agents' competences and preferences, and their relative power.
