Sentence examples for inner shell electrons from inspiring English sources

Because the inner shell electrons that are excited during X-ray absorption are associated with atoms in molecules rather than with the molecule as a whole, the information that is provided from a study of X-ray absorption spectra relates to the atoms within a molecule rather than to the entire molecule.

For MeV ions the probability (cross section) for ejecting inner shell electrons is very high [ 8].

Physically, in addition to increasing total absorption, the photoelectric effect typically leads to the ejection of an inner shell electron from an atom.

The electron structure can be modeled by supposing that the positively charged cores consisting of the protons and inner-shell electrons of all the cluster's atoms are smeared out into a continuous, attractive background, while the valence, or outer-shell, electrons are delocalized (i.e., shared among all atoms in the cluster).

This method is closely related to Lewis' conception of bonding, treating molecules as composed of atomic cores (nuclei together with inner-shell electrons) and valence electrons which give rise to localized bonds.

Such transitions of the inner-shell electrons result in a characteristic atomic X-ray photon, or low-energy and short-range mono-energetic electrons (collectively known as Auger electrons).

The main mechanism involved is ionization damage (radiolysis), in which valence or inner-shell electrons within the specimen are excited by inelastic scattering (of beam electrons) or absorption (of x-rays).

In such systems, electrons are boiled off of a cathode and accelerated through a strong electric potential of ~50 kV; having reached a high speed, the electrons collide with a metal plate, emitting bremsstrahlung and some strong spectral lines corresponding to the excitation of inner-shell electrons of the metal.

The excitation events of inner-shell electrons of a certain atom that compose the specimen appear in the spectrum as an increase in electron counts in the core-loss ionization edge followed by a progressive decrease with the increasing energy loss.

The vacancy also can be created by absorption of X-ray radiation or by nuclear capture of an inner-shell electron as it approaches the nucleus.

Most commonly, a collision first causes a tightly bound inner-shell electron to be ejected from the atom; a loosely bound outer-shell electron then falls into the inner shell to fill the vacancy.