Sentence examples for innate restriction from inspiring English sources

The adoption of "accessory genes" by HIV-2 and its more promiscuous pattern of coreceptor usage (including CD4-independence) may assist the virus in its adaptation to avoid innate restriction factors present in host cells.

A strong line of evidence for HIV's exploitation of proteasomal pathways comes from the innate restriction host factors that inhibit viral replication at the cellular level.

There is always some component of soft tissue involved in the overall pathogenesis [2, 3] which, due to the innate restrictions of this study, cannot be taken into account.

In addition to the classical cellular and humoral as well as signalling-based innate immune responses, restriction factors are also viewed as an intrinsic arm of the host immune response (see for general reviews on HIV restriction factors).

Establishment of chronic infection by these pathogens is a multi-step process that involves an interplay between restriction factor, innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

As discussed, genome-wide RNAi screens in Drosophila cell culture have generated a wealth of new information regarding the genes involved in mediating basic host cellular responses to pathogens, such as those involved in innate immunity, phagocytosis and restriction of intracellular pathogen survival.

This study was designed to confirm that those antibodies are innate immune factors capable of restriction of specific mechanisms of HIV pathogenicity attributed to the Tat protein.

Restriction factors such as the innate anti-HIV-1 APOBEC3G is upregulated on allo-stimulation and may be involved in inhibition of HIV-1 [23].

However, AID may have other roles in the biology of vertebrates, such as the provision of innate immunity to retrotransposition [36], [42] [44], the restriction of foreign DNA [45], or the epigenetic reprogramming of stem cells [46],[46].

TRIM5 is a retrovirus restriction factor, which mediates the innate immune defense against retroviruses infection [ 58].

First of all, the sample was constructed by elimination of fetuses from diabetic or multiple gravidities and specimens affected by innate and chromosomal abnormalities or intrauterine growth restriction.