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The claim that misrepresentation is impossible without learning anyway seems problematic, since it seems to preclude representations produced by innate input systems, such as innate sensory-perceptual systems.
(For discussion of Dretske's account of the causal efficacy of content, see the essays in McLaughlin (1991).) This re-raises the question of how representations produced by innate input analyzers have distal content.
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Cooperative diversity retains many benefits innate to multiple-input multiple-output systems, without incurring the additional hardware costs, and has been widely shown to achieve remarkable performance gains for wireless networks [2 4].
In the achievement regressions, the lagged test score controls for previous inputs and persisting innate ability;8 in the time use regressions, the lagged outcome controls for habit persistence.
The decisive question of how the male brain transforms the sensory inputs into an innate behavioral response addresses two entirely different aspects: (i) what is the structure of the neural circuit performing this task, the 'hardware', and (ii) what is the program that controls this behavior, the 'software'software
Because flies lack an adaptive immune system, innate immunity can be investigated without confounding inputs from the adaptive immune system.
It has been extensively characterized in Drosophila [3] [7] and used to study how the brain regulates a largely innate complex behavior that depends on multiple sensory inputs [5], [6], [8].
We therefore postulate an evolutionary primitive circuit in the MBON convergence zones, in which US inputs activate motor command neurons to elicit innate responses.
Then as now, scholars argued over how much of what we are is innate and how much the result of acculturation, experience and sensory input.
Smart, rational decision-making isn't an innate gift; rather, it's an art, a process of weighing inputs such as data and risk on one hand and emotions like fear and uncertainty on the other.
This clearly suggests that the mirror neuron system is neither entirely innate nor inflexible and in fact may dynamically adjust to changing inputs.
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