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As a result, any discussion of sustainable development should center on cities and how to capitalize on their positive energy and their innate diversity in forging new pathways toward sustainability.
One can only speculate whether the general level of predictive accuracy for siRNA potency is low because of the innate diversity of the siRNA silencing approach, or because some of the important explanatory features are still to be discovered.
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In this study, we examined whether differences in TLR4 expression levels may result from TLR4 promoter sequence variation and if diversity of innate immune responses could be attributed to variant TLR4 expression.
Based on recent knowledge on molecular mechanisms altered in other systemic inflammatory diseases, DSS may result from a complex pro-inflammatory network involving a diversity of innate immune effectors sustaining a secondary systemic inflammatory loop, leading in turn to vascular homeostasis breakdown and systemic microcirculatory failure characterizing DSS (Figure 4).
The pro-inflammatory molecular responses activated in the blood cells of DSS children at time of shock involve a diversity of innate immune mediators that may amplify a first-line inflammatory response mediated by TNF, IL-6 or IL-1, thus contributing to a secondary inflammatory loop.
Recent studies focused on development and functional diversity of innate immune cells have led to the reclassification of these cell types into a large group known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) [ 1].
The need for high genetic diversity of innate sensors may have been reduced in vertebrates by transferring the role of the pathogen-specific response to the molecules of the adaptive immune system (Wlasiuk et al. 2009; Wlasiuk and Nachman 2010).
Antimicrobial peptides are a class of membrane-active peptides that form a critical component of innate host immunity and possess a diversity of sequence and structure.
Cooperative diversity retains many benefits innate to multiple-input multiple-output systems, without incurring the additional hardware costs, and has been widely shown to achieve remarkable performance gains for wireless networks [2 4].
Immunosenescence results in shrinkage of the naïve T-cell pool, contraction of T-cell diversity, and impairment of innate immunity.
However, as evidenced by the diversity of the vertebrate innate immune system (Akira et al. 2006; Hansen et al. 2011; Kawai and Akira 2011), rapid recognition of conserved molecular patterns associated with pathogens is still essential.
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