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Extracellular high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a potent innate "danger signal" for the initiation of inflammatory response.
Recently, an endocrine family of biomolecules, termed "alarmins" by J. Oppenhaim and co-workers, is receiving growing attention as innate danger signals.
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It's a hesitancy that highlights one of the innate dangers of hotel scenes, that creeping sensation that you're not in a real bar, a sense that a friend described as "the feeling that everyone's waiting for a taxi to the airport".
One of the innate dangers when utilizing in-depth interviews with individual respondents is that respondents cannot be assumed to have complete knowledge about the impact of assessment on learning, or that their accounts was unbiased by their interpretation of their experiences or the situations to which they refer, or the situation of the interview (Cohen et al. 2000).
These same cytokines, however, are natural danger signals for the immune system and as such can induce anti-tumor immune responses by both adaptive and innate immune cells.
Agents may be effective at the level of blocking naïve T-cell activation, for example with agents such as abatacept, or even more likely by blocking the response of NK and CD8+effector T cells to innate immune danger signals.
Therefore, NK cells not only synergize with innate immunity against danger signals but also shape the adaptive immune system [ 39], thus highlighting its importance as an important adjuvant during the development of immunoregulation after acupuncture intervention.
Lack of innate immune and danger-sensing signals has different implications for different cell lineages depending on whether, like endothelium, they have a distinct role against pathogens or, like cardiac myocytes, the pathways involved have been directed towards more general danger signals.
It is well recognized that the innate immune response comprising danger signals, neutrophils and macrophages modulates tissue healing.
Endogenous or environmental particulate dangers trigger innate immunity through assembly of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, an intracellular molecular platform which under activation allows the cleavage of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β).
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, not only allow transfer and replication of densely coded genetic information, but also act as danger signals triggering innate immune response.
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